基督的人性——被造如人?亦或是非受造如神?

基督的人性——被造如人?亦或是非受造如神?

自从亚流异端引用歌罗西1:15宣称“基督是一个被造之物”之后,整个基督教界对于“基督人性是否被造”这个问题,往往不愿意过分深究,免得被无辜的诬陷为亚流异端。这种“亚流恐惧症”造成东西方在系统神学“基督论”的书籍中、在论及“基督的人性”或“为人的基督”时,往往以一句“与我们一样”或“完全的人性”轻轻带过,绝口不敢提古教父、改教家捍卫过的观点——“基督就其人性而言,乃是被造的”。而在论及“基督的神性”和“为神的基督”时,则毫不犹豫的承认基督乃是造物主,是非受造的。常此以往,就造成了很多基督徒对于基督的人性有错误的认识,认为“既然基督是非受造的神,其人性必然也也是非被造的”。这种错误的观点在过去的20年中,在华人基督教界中大行其道,错误地认为“在基督的位格里面,没有受造的成分”,使得华人基督教界基本上成为基督教历史上最大的亚波里拿流主义群体。根据正统的基督论承认“基督人性是一个被造之物”的教义,反而被攻击为亚流主义、诺斯底主义。

但是,事实上,正是带领大公教会战胜亚流异端的亚他那修,在他的《反亚流(Contra Arianos)》2.14中告诉我们:

11. Hence it holds that the Apostle’s expression, ‘He made,’ does not prove that the Word is made, but that body, which He took like ours; and in consequence He is called our brother, as having become man. But if it has been shewn, that, even though the word ‘made’ be referred to the Very Word, it is used for ‘begat,’ what further perverse expedient will they be able to fall upon, now that the present discussion has cleared up the word in every point of view, and shewn that the Son is not a work, but in Essence indeed the Father’s offspring, while in the Economy, according to the good pleasure [271] of the Father, He was on our behalf made, and consists as man? For this reason then it is said by the Apostle, ‘Who was faithful to Him that made Him;’ and in the Proverbs, even creation is spoken of. For so long as we are confessing that He became man, there is no question about saying, as was observed before, whether ‘He became,’ or ‘He has been made,’ or ‘created,’ or ‘formed,’ or ‘servant,’ or ‘son of an handmaid,’ or ‘son of man,’ or ‘was constituted,’ or ‘took His journey,’ or ‘bridegroom,’ or ‘brother’s son,’ or ‘brother.’ All these terms happen to be proper to man’s constitution; and such as these do not designate the Essence of the Word, but that He has become man.

故此,使徒‘祂造(He made)’的这个表述是正确的,它并不是说道是被造的,而是指那个祂所取的与我们一样的身体。故此,祂成为人,被称作是我们的兄弟。即使当‘造(made)’这个字被用来指这位道的时候,它乃是被当作‘生(begat),’现今的讨论已经从每一个角度陈明了这个字的意义,并指明子(Son)不是一个成品,从素质上就是父的流出。而根据父的良善旨意,在经纶(Economy)中,祂为了我们的缘故被造、并被组成为一个人。我要再看看他们还能掰出其他错误的推论?因着这个原因,使徒说,‘祂向那造祂者尽忠。’在箴言中,甚至称祂为被造之物。只要我们承认祂成为人,不论我们说‘祂成为,’或‘祂被造作(has been made),’或‘被造(created),’或‘被塑造(formed),’或‘奴仆,’或‘使女之子(son of an handmaid),’或‘人子,’或‘被构成(was constituted),’或‘走了祂的旅程,’或‘新郎’或‘兄弟的儿子,’或‘兄弟,’都是没有问题的。这些词汇都能够合适的别用来描述人的构成。它们都不代表道的素质,而是祂的成为人。

基督是否与我们一样,拥有一个被造,但是无罪的人性?请读者们自己断定。

正方

古教父

天主教

路德会

改革宗

其他基督教派

聚会处

其他华人教会神学家

反方

改革宗

侯军文集(改革宗)

路德宗

其他华人教会神学家

前聚会处

其他

被归正的神学家 本栏目收集从“否定基督有被造之人性”之异端教导归正至正统基督论之神学家的相关言论。