《反异端》5.9.1
…the complete man is composed – flesh, soul, and spirit. One of these does indeed preserve and fashion [the man] this is the spirit; while as to another it is united and formed – that is the flesh; then [comes] that which is between these two – that is the soul, which sometimes indeed, when it follows the spirit, is raised up by it, but sometimes, it sympathizes with the flesh, and falls into carnal lusts. Those then, as many as they be, who have not that which saves and forms [us] into life [eternal], shall be, and be called, [mere] flesh and blood; for these are they who have not the Spirit of God in themselves. Wherefore man of this stamp are spoken of by the Lord as ‘dead’; for, says He, ‘Let the dead bury their dead ,’because they have not the Spirit which quicken them. 2. On the other hand, as many as fear God and trust in His Son’s advent, and who through faith do establish the Spirit of God in their heart – such men as these shall be properly called both ‘pure’ and ‘spiritual,’ and ‘those living to God,’ because they possess the Spirit of the Father, who purifies man, and raises him up to the life of God. (FNF01: The Apostolic Fathers with Justin martyr and Irenaeus)
完整的人包含肉体，魂，和灵三部分。三者中维持并塑造人者，乃是灵；此与另一者联结成形，乃是肉体；介乎灵与肉体之间者为魂; 它有时随从灵，而为灵所提高，但有时体贴肉体，而堕落于肉身的情欲。所以，凡没有那拯救而形成生命之灵的人，就被称为〔血肉之人〕因为他们里面没有神的灵。所以这些人被主称为〔死人〕。他说:〔让死人埋葬他们的死人〕( 路9:60) ，因为他们没有那叫人活的灵。2. 反之，凡是敬畏神，又相信他的儿子降世，因信有神的灵在心里的人，乃得称为清洁、属灵、向神活着的人，因为他们有父的灵，这灵洁净人，并将人提高到神的生命.
(基督教历代名著集成尼西亚前期教父选集, 基督教文艺出版社)