John Gill 希伯来四12解经

Piercing even to the dividing asunder soul and spirit, and of the joints and marrow; the like property Philo the Jew ascribes to the “Logos,” or Word; he calls him τομευς, “a cutter,” and says he cuts and divides all things, even all sensible things, yea, atoms, and things indivisible ; the apostle seems here to have respect to the several names with which the soul of man is called by the Jews, נקש רוח ונשמה, “soul, spirit, and breath” ; the latter of these, they say, dwells between the other two. Some by the soul understand the natural and unregenerate part in man, and by the spirit the renewed and regenerate part, which though sometimes are not so easily distinguished by men, yet they are by Christ; others think the soul designs the inferior faculties, the affections; and the spirit the superior ones, the mind and understanding; but the apostle’s meaning seems to be this, that whereas the soul and spirit are invisible, and the joints and marrow are covered and hid; so sharp and quick sighted, and so penetrating is the divine Word, that it reaches the most secret and hidden things of men: and this sense is confirmed by what follows, and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart; Christ knows what is in man; he is the searcher of the hearts, and the trier of the reins of the children of men; and this will be more apparent at the last day, when he will make manifest the counsels of the heart, and will critically inquire, and accurately judge of them.

甚至连魂与灵，骨节与骨髓都能够刺入、剖开；就如同斐罗与犹太人所描写的Logos，或「话（或道）」的属性一样；他（保罗）称祂（神的话）为τομευς，「切割机」，并说祂能够切开并分开一切的事物，甚至包括所有最为敏感的事物，看哪！包括原子，并所有看不见的事物；使徒在此看起来赋予了犹太人称做 נקש רוח ונשמה ，「魂、灵、气息」之人的魂不同的名称；他们说，这三者的最后一个住在其他两者之间。有些人把魂理解为人与生俱来的，并被重生的部分，而把灵理解为被更新并重生人的部分，虽然对于人而言，这两者有时候很难被区分，然而基督确区分了他们；其他的一些人认为魂指的是人内在的官能，情感；灵则是更为高等的官能，心思与理解力；但是使徒的意思看起来更像，魂与灵都是不可见的，骨节与骨髓也都是被遮住，并是隐藏的；神的话是那么的锋利与快速，以至于能够切入而达到人里面最为秘密和隐藏的事物：在这个意义上能够达到接下来的果效，它能够辨明心中的想法与看法 ；基督知道人里面的事物；祂搜寻人的心，并尝试驾驭人的儿女；这个情况在末世的时候会更为明显，祂会在心中劝告人，以批判的方式讯问人，并准确的审判他们。